Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease that affects the bile ducts, which are the tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. In PSC, inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) develop in the bile ducts, leading to their narrowing and obstruction over time. This causes a buildup of bile in the liver, leading to liver damage and dysfunction.
The exact cause of PSC is unknown. It is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, which means that the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells and tissues. In PSC, the immune system targets the bile ducts, leading to inflammation and scarring. However, the triggers for this immune response are not well understood.
Several factors may contribute to the development of PSC, including genetic and environmental factors. PSC is more common in individuals with certain genetic variations, suggesting a genetic predisposition. However, specific genes associated with PSC have not been identified definitively.
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