What is Buphthalmos and how can it be treated ?

Buphthalmos, also known as congenital glaucoma, is a rare eye condition characterized by abnormal enlargement of the eyeball in infants and young children. It occurs due to increased intraocular pressure (pressure inside the eye) resulting from improper drainage of fluid (aqueous humor) from the eye. This increased pressure can lead to damage of the optic nerve and potential vision loss if left untreated.

The treatment of buphthalmos typically involves a combination of medical and surgical interventions, depending on the severity of the condition. Here are some common approaches:

Medication: Initially, eye drops or oral medications may be prescribed to lower intraocular pressure and manage the symptoms. These medications work by reducing the production of aqueous humor or improving its outflow.
Surgery: Surgery is usually necessary to alleviate the underlying cause of buphthalmos. The specific surgical procedure chosen depends on the severity of the condition, age of the child, and the anatomy of the eye. The main surgical options include:a. Trabeculotomy: This procedure involves creating a small opening in the drainage system of the eye to enhance the outflow of aqueous humor.b. Trabeculectomy: In this surgery, a small drainage channel is created to allow excess fluid to flow out of the eye, reducing intraocular pressure.

c. Goniotomy: This surgical procedure involves making a small incision in the drainage angle of the eye to improve fluid drainage.

d. Tube shunt implantation: A small tube with a valve is inserted into the eye to create an alternative drainage pathway for aqueous humor.

3. Follow-up care: Regular monitoring and follow-up visits with an ophthalmologist are crucial to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and ensure proper eye health. Medication adjustments or additional surgeries may be needed depending on the child’s response to treatment.

It’s important to note that early detection and treatment are critical in buphthalmos to prevent permanent vision loss. If you suspect your child may have buphthalmos or any other eye condition, it is recommended to consult with a pediatric ophthalmologist for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate management.