The risk factors for glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can cause damage to the optic nerve and lead to vision loss, include:
1. Age: The risk of glaucoma increases with age. Individuals over 60 are at a higher risk, while those over 40 are at a moderate risk.
2. Family History: If you have a family history of glaucoma, especially in first-degree relatives (parents, siblings), your risk is higher.
3. Race and Ethnicity: People of African, Hispanic, and Asian descent are at a higher risk of certain types of glaucoma, such as primary open-angle glaucoma.
4. Elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP): Elevated pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure) is a significant risk factor. However, not everyone with high IOP will develop glaucoma, and some people with normal IOP can still develop the condition.
5. Thin Corneas: Corneal thickness can influence eye pressure readings. Thinner corneas are associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma.
6. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases, may increase the risk of glaucoma.
7. Use of Steroid Medications: Prolonged use of corticosteroid medications, particularly in the form of eye drops, can increase the risk of glaucoma.
8. Eye Trauma: Significant eye injuries or trauma can damage the eye’s drainage system, leading to an increased risk of glaucoma.
9. Nearsightedness (Myopia): Individuals with moderate to high levels of myopia (nearsightedness) may be at a higher risk of certain types of glaucoma.
10. Previous Eye Surgery or Injury: Previous eye surgery or certain types of eye injuries may increase the risk of glaucoma.
11. Central Corneal Thickness: Thinner central corneas can be associated with a higher risk of developing glaucoma.
12. Other Eye Conditions: Certain eye conditions, such as retinal detachment, uveitis, and eye tumours, can increase the risk of glaucoma.
It’s important to note that having one or more risk factors does not guarantee that an individual will develop glaucoma, and some individuals without any risk factors can still develop the condition. Regular comprehensive eye exams, especially as you age, can help detect glaucoma in its early stages and allow for timely management and treatment.
If you have risk factors for glaucoma, it’s advisable to discuss them with an eye care professional Dr. Sonia Maheshwari , an Eye Specialist in Mumbai for appropriate monitoring and guidance at Clear Sight Eye Care and Laser Center.