Lung cancer in adults is primarily caused by long-term exposure to harmful substances, particularly tobacco smoke. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and is responsible for the majority of cases. However, it’s important to note that not all individuals who smoke develop lung cancer, and lung cancer can also occur in non-smokers. Here are the key factors that contribute to the development of lung cancer in adults:
- Tobacco smoke: Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for lung cancer. The harmful chemicals present in tobacco smoke, such as carcinogens and toxins, damage the cells lining the lungs and can lead to the development of cancerous tumors. Secondhand smoke, which is the smoke inhaled from others’ cigarettes, can also increase the risk of lung cancer.
- Radon gas: Radon is a radioactive gas that occurs naturally from the decay of uranium in the soil and rocks. Prolonged exposure to high levels of radon gas can increase the risk of lung cancer. Radon can accumulate in homes, particularly in poorly ventilated areas such as basements.
- Occupational exposure: Certain occupations involve exposure to carcinogens and toxic substances that can increase the risk of lung cancer. These include asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, diesel exhaust, and some chemicals used in the mining, construction, and manufacturing industries.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to air pollution, such as vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and pollutants from burning fossil fuels, has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer. Additionally, indoor air pollution from sources such as cooking fumes, wood-burning stoves, and certain chemicals can contribute to lung cancer development.
- Genetic factors: Although less common, some individuals may have genetic predispositions or inherited gene mutations that increase their susceptibility to developing lung cancer. These genetic factors can interact with other risk factors, such as smoking, to further elevate the risk.
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What causes lung cancer in adults ?