Glaucoma is typically caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye. The eye constantly produces a clear fluid called aqueous humor, and it needs to drain properly for the eye to maintain a healthy pressure. When the drainage system is compromised, the fluid builds up, leading to increased intraocular pressure. This elevated pressure can damage the optic nerve, resulting in glaucoma.
The exact cause of this impairment in the drainage system is not always clear, and multiple factors may contribute to the development of glaucoma:
Age: The risk of glaucoma increases with age. It is more common in individuals over the age of 60.
Genetics: Family history plays a role, and individuals with close relatives (especially siblings or parents) with glaucoma are at a higher risk.
Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma, and they often experience the condition at an earlier age.
Eye Structure: Anatomic variations in the eye, such as a thinner cornea or a different optic nerve structure, may increase the risk of glaucoma.
Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, can contribute to the development of glaucoma.
Eye Injuries or Surgery: Trauma to the eye or certain types of eye surgery can increase the risk of glaucoma.
Use of Steroids: Long-term use of corticosteroids, especially in the form of eye drops, can elevate intraocular pressure and contribute to glaucoma.
Other Eye Conditions: Certain eye conditions, such as uveitis (inflammation in the eye) or retinal detachment, may increase the risk of glaucoma.
Systemic Medications: Some systemic medications, like certain antidepressants and antihypertensives, may increase the risk of glaucoma.
It’s important to note that elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor, but not everyone with high eye pressure develops glaucoma, and some individuals with normal eye pressure can still develop the condition. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and intervention, especially for individuals with risk factors. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage glaucoma and prevent further vision loss.
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