Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term inflammation of the pancreas, a gland located behind the stomach. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion by producing enzymes that help break down food and hormones, including insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels.
Dr. Ronak Ajmera says the exact cause of chronic pancreatitis is often multifactorial and can vary among individuals. However, the most common cause is prolonged alcohol abuse, accounting for approximately 70% of cases in developed countries. Other factors that can contribute to chronic pancreatitis include:
- Gallstones: These are small, hard deposits that form in the gallbladder and can obstruct the pancreatic duct, leading to pancreatitis.
- Genetic Factors: Certain genetic mutations, such as mutations in the PRSS1 gene or cystic fibrosis gene, can increase the risk of developing chronic pancreatitis.
- Autoimmune Conditions: Autoimmune pancreatitis is a type of chronic pancreatitis caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking the pancreas.
- Blockage of the Pancreatic Duct: Conditions such as tumors, cysts, or scar tissue can block the pancreatic duct, causing the backup of digestive enzymes and resulting in pancreatitis.
- High Triglyceride Levels: Elevated levels of triglycerides (a type of fat) in the blood can increase the risk of developing chronic pancreatitis.
- Smoking: Long-term smoking is associated with an increased risk of chronic pancreatitis.
Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive condition, and repeated episodes of inflammation can lead to permanent damage to the pancreas.
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